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  Chapter 4

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  Newport, Frank. “In U.S., 46% Hold Creationist View of Human Origins.” Gallup.com, http://www.gallup.com/poll/155003/Hold-Creationist-View-Human-Origins.aspx.

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  Chapter 5

  Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage, 1992.

  Edenhofer, Ottmar, and Kowarsch, Martin. “Cartography of Pathways: A New Model for Environmental Policy Assessments.” Environmental Science & Policy 51 (2015): 56–64.

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  Koch, N., G. Grosjean, S. Fuss, and O. Edenhofer. “Politics Matters: Regulatory Events as Catalysts for Price Formation under Cap-and-Trade.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 78 (2016): 121–39. doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2016.03.004.

  Kowarsch, Martin. A Pragmatist Orientation for the Social Sciences in Climate Policy: How to Make Integrated Economic Assessments Serve Society. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 323. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

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  Sarewitz, Daniel. “How Science Makes Environmental Controversies Worse.” Environmental Science & Policy 7, no. 5 (2004): 385–403.

  Chapter 6

  Baker, Monya. “Biotech Giant Publishes Failures to Confirm High-Profile Science.” Nature 530, no. 7589 (2016). https://www.nature.com/news/biotech-giant-publishes-failures-to-confirm-high-profile-science-1.19269.

  Barone, Michael. “Why Political Polls Are So Often Wrong.” Wall Street Journal, November 11, 2015. https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-political-polls-are-so-often-wrong-1447285797.

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  Carey, Benedict. “Many Psychology Findings Not as Strong as Claimed, Study Says.” New York Times, August 27, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/science/many-social-science-findings-not-as-strong-as-claimed-study-says.html.

  Carey, Benedict, and Pam Belluck. “Doubts about Study of Gay Canvassers Rattle the Field.” New York Times, May 25, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/26/science/maligned-study-on-gay-marriage-is-shaking-trust.html.

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  Ioannidis, John P. A. “Why Most Published Research Findings Are False.” PLOS Medicine 2, no. 8 (2015): e124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.

  Jennions, M. D., and A. P. Møller. “Relationships Fade with Time: A Meta-analysis of Temporal Trends in Publication in Ecology and Evolution.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 269, no. 1486 (2002): 43–48.

  John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec. “Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices with Incentives for Truth Telling.” Psychological Science 23, no. 5 (2012): 524–32.

  Koricheva, Ju
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  LaCour, Michael J., and Donald P. Green. “When Contact Changes Minds: An Experiment on Transmission of Support for Gay Equality.” Science 346, no. 6215 (2014): 1366–69. doi: 10.1126/science.1256151.

  Lehrer, Jonah. “The Truth Wears Off.” New Yorker, December 5, 2010. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/12/13/the-truth-wears-off.

  Lehrer, Jonah, and Ed Vul. “Voodoo Correlations: Have the Results of Some Brain Scanning Experiments Been Overstated?” Scientific American, January 20, 2009. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brain-scan-results-overstated/.

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  Miller, Arthur G., John W. McHoskey, Cynthia M. Bane, and Timothy G. Dowd. “The Attitude Polarization Phenomenon: Role of Response Measure, Attitude Extremity, and Behavioral Consequences of Reported Attitude Change.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64, no. 4 (1993): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.561.

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  Prinz, Florian, Thomas Schlange, and Khusru Asadullah. “Believe It or Not: How Much Can We Rely on Published Data on Potential Drug Targets?” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 10, no. 712 (2011). doi: 10.1038/nrd3439-c1.

  Reicher, Stephen, and S. Alexander Haslam. “Rethinking the Psychology of Tyranny: The BBC Prison Study.” British Journal of Social Psychology 45 (2006): 1–40. doi: 10.1348/014466605X48998.

  Vazire, S., L. J. Jussim, J. A. Krosnick, S. T. Stevens, and S. Anglin. In preparation. “A Social Psychological Model of Suboptimal Scientific Practices.” University of California, Davis.

  Vul, Edward, Christine Harris, Piotr Winkielman, and Harold Pashler. “Puzzlingly High Correlations in fMRI Studies of Emotion, Personality, and Social Cognition.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (2009): 274–90. https://www.edvul.com/pdf/VulHarrisWinkielmanPashler-PPS-2009.pdf.

  Walter, Patrick. “Call to Arms on Data Integrity.” Chemistry World, July 18, 2013. https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/call-to-arms-on-data-integrity/6390.article.

  Yong, Ed. “A Failed Replication Draws a Scathing Personal Attack from a Psychology Professor.” Discover, March 10, 2012. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2012/03/10/failed-replication-bargh-psychology-study-doyen/#.Wo4g_JM-dP0.

  Zimbardo, Philip. “The Stanford Prison Experiment: A Simulation Study of the Psychology of Imprisonment.” Stanford University, Stanford Digital Repository.

  Chapter 7

  Alberts, Bruce, Ralph J. Cicerone, Stephen E. Fienberg, Alexander Kamb, Marcia McNutt, Robert M. Nerem, Randy Schekman, et al. “Self-Correction in Science at Work.” Science 348, no. 6242 (June 26, 2015): 1420–22. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3847.

  Bishop, Dorothy V. M. “What Is the Reproducibility Crisis in Science and What Can We Do about It?” University of Oxford, August 30, 2005. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.

  Bloor, David. The Enigma of the Aerofoil: Rival Theories in Aerodynamics, 1909–1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

  Brainard, Jeffrey, and Jia You. “What a Massive Database of Retracted Papers Reveals about Science Publishing’s ‘Death Penalty.’ ” Science, October 18, 2018. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/10/what-massive-database-retracted-papers-reveals-about-science-publishing-s-death-penalty.

  Brandt, Allan. The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America. 1st reprint edition. New York: Basic Books, 2009.

  ________. “Inventing Conflicts of Interest: A History of Tobacco Industry Tactics.” American Journal of Public Health 102, no. 1 (January 2012): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300292.

  Brown, Nicholas J. L., Alan D. Sokal, and Harris L. Friedman. “The Complex Dynamics of Wishful Thinking: The Critical Positivity Ratio.” American Psychologist 68, no. 9 (December 2013): 801–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032850.

  ________. “The Persistence of Wishful Thinking.” American Psychologist 69, no. 6 (September 2014): 629–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037050.

  Cook, John, Peter Ellerton, and David Kinkead. “Deconstructing Climate Misinformation to Identify Reasoning Errors.” Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 2 (2018): 024018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748–9326/aaa49f.

  Cook, John, Stephan Lewandowsky, and Ullrich K. H. Ecker. “Neutralizing Misinformation through Inoculation: Exposing Misleading Argumentation Techniques Reduces Their Influence.” PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2017): e0175799. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175799.

  Darrah, Thomas H., Robert B. Jackson, Avner Vengosh, Nathaniel R. Warner, Colin J. Whyte, Talor B. Walsh, Andrew J. Kondash, and Robert J. Poreda. “The Evolution of Devonian Hydrocarbon Gases in Shallow Aquifers of the Northern Appalachian Basin: Insights from Integrating Noble Gas and Hydrocarbon Geochemistry.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 170 (December 1, 2015): 321–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.09.006.

  Dugan, Andrew. “In U.S., Smoking Rate Hits New Low at 16%.” Gallup.com, July 24, 2018. https://news.gallup.com/poll/237908/smoking-rate-hits-new-low.aspx.

  Fanelli, Daniele. “How Many Scientists Fabricate and Falsify Research? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Survey Data.” PLOS ONE 4, no. 5 (May 29, 2009): e5738. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005738.

  Fang, Ferric C., R. Grant Steen, and Arturo Casadevall. “Misconduct Accounts for the Majority of Retracted Scientific Publications.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 42 (October 16, 2012): 17028–33. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212247109.

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  Franta, Benjamin, and Geoffrey Supran. “The Fossil Fuel Industry’s Invisible Colonization of Academia.” Guardian, March 13, 2017, sec. Environment. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2017/mar/13/the-fossil-fuel-industrys-invisible-colonization-of-academia.

  Frederickson, Barbara L., and Marcial F. Losada. “ ‘Positive Affect and the Complex Dynamics of Human Flourishing’: Correction to Fredrickson and Losada (2005).” American Psychologist 68, no. 9 (December 2013): 822.

  Friedman, Harris L., and Nicholas J. L. Brown. “Implications of Debunking the ‘Critical Positivity Ratio’ for Humanistic Psychology: Introduction to Special Issue.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 58, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 239–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167818762227.

  Godlee, Fiona, Ruth Malone, Adam Timmis, Catherine Otto, Andrew Bush, Ian Pavord, and Trish Groves. “Journal Policy on Research Funded by the Tobacco Industry.” Thorax 68 (2013): 1091.

  Gonzales, Joseph, and Corbin A. Cunningham. “The Promise of Pre-Registration in Psychological Research.” American Psychological Association, August 2015. http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2015/08/pre-registration.aspx.

  Hill, Austin Bradford. “The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 58 (1965): 295–300. https://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/hill.

  Kennedy, Caitlin. “Why Did Earth’s Surface Temperature Stop Rising in the Past Decade?” NOAA, September 1, 2018. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/why-did-earth's-surface-temperature-stop-rising-past-decade.
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  Lewandowsky, Stephan, Kevin Cowtan, James S. Risbey, Michael E. Mann, Byron A. Steinman, Naomi Oreskes, and Stefan Rahmstorf. “The ‘Pause’ in Global Warming in Historical Context: (II). Comparing Models to Observations.” Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 12 (2018): 123007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748–9326/aaf372.

  Lewandowsky, Stephan, James S. Risbey, and Naomi Oreskes. “The ‘Pause’ in Global Warming: Turning a Routine Fluctuation into a Problem for Science.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 5 (September 14, 2015): 723–33. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14–00106.1.

  ________. “On the Definition and Identifiability of the Alleged ‘Hiatus’ in Global Warming.” Scientific Reports 5 (November 24, 2015): 16784. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16784.

  Lewandowsky, Stephan, Naomi Oreskes, James S. Risbey, Ben R. Newell, and Michael Smithson. “Seepage: Climate Change Denial and Its Effect on the Scientific Community.” Global Environmental Change 33 (July 1, 2015): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.013.

  Lewandowsky, Stephan, Toby Pilditch, Jens Koed Madsen, Naomi Oreskes, and James S. Risbey. “Seepage and Influence: An Evidence-Resistant Minority Can Affect Scientific Belief Formation and Public Opinion.” Cognition, Forthcoming.

  Linden, Sander van der, Anthony Leiserowitz, Seth Rosenthal, and Edward Maibach. “Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change.” Global Challenges 1, no. 2 (2017): 1600008. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201600008.

  Linden, Sander van der, Edward Maibach, John Cook, Anthony Leiserowitz, and Stephan Lewandowsky. “Inoculating against Misinformation.” Science 358, no. 6367 (December 1, 2017): 1141–42. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4533.

  Markowitz, Gerald, and David Rosner. Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution. 1st paperback printing edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.